Presentation

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Workshop speaker

Title

Optimization of tennis technique by using differential learning methods

Abstract

The workshop focuses on differential learning exercises to optimize biomechanical key aspects of the forehand groundstroke. Learning from perception differences through the use of varied exercises (principles of variation; pressure conditions) builds the base of this concept which has to be discussed.

Keywords

tennis strokes, motor learning, differential learning, variation

Summary

Introduction
Optimizing a player’s individual technique is an inevitable goal of every coach. Kinematic studies of tennis strokes provide information which help coaches to focus on the key biomechanical characteristics of each stroke. (1) Correcting stroke errors or flaws might ask for different approaches (strategies) in order to being able to perform a perfect shot. The differential learning (dynamic systems) approach focuses on learning from differences through the use of varied exercises. Based on the results of a kinematic study, (2) the workshop focuses on practical exercises in order to improve and optimize the biomechanical key aspects of the forehand groundstroke.
Theoretical background for practical exercises:
Since the early 1990's, the so called dynamic systems theory has found great approval in sport science and has been integrated in daily practice. The key concept of this approach is based on lifelong differential learning and peripheral self-organising patterns. The method of differential learning can therefore be used for tennis specific stroke training. According to Schoellhorn (1999), an athlete's ability to extend their range of possible solutions, which is analogous to the occurring differences during biological adaptations, is a determining factor. By performing possible "errors" in various combinations, athletes will find their individual, optimum movement pattern. The differential learning method focuses on learning from perception differences through the use of varied exercises. These exercises were developed based on the principles of variation and various pressure conditions (precision, time, variability, complexity, stress) (4), enabling the following possibilities to vary a movement.
Variation of:
1. Space-time parameters and dynamics (e.g: varied swing phases, impact positions, angles, anatomical constraints, stroke dynamics, etc.)
2. Training aids and equipment (racquets, balls, etc.)
3. Perceptional feedback (optical, acoustical, tactile, kinaesthetic, static-dynamic constraints).
Practical applications and Workshop
Following the method of differential learning, the workshop will try to offer a pool of various exercises for the optimization of ground strokes, based on suggested biomechanical models and current studies on fore- and/or backhand strokes (2). The challenge to develop a technique training concept (exercises, plan, general training regime) to optimize single key characteristics in elite tennis players’ ground strokes, can be critically discussed based on this workshop.
References
(1) Elliot, B. & Alderson, J. (2003). Biomechanical performance models: the basis for stroke analysis. In: Elliot, B. Reid, M. & Crespo, M. Biomechanics of advanced Tennis. 157-175.
(2) Landlinger, J. (2009). Unpublished doctoral thesis (in progress), University of Salzburg, Austria.
(3) Schöllhorn, W. (1999). Individualität – ein vernachlässigter Parameter? Leistungssport, 29 (2), 5-12.
(4) Neumaier, A. (1999). Koordinatives Anforderungsprofil und Koordinationstraining. In: H. Mechling & A. Neumaier (Hrsg.), Reihe Training der Bewegungskoordination Köln: Sport und Buch Strauss.

Title 2º

A 3D kinematic analysis of the forehand groundstroke

Abstract 2º

Biomechanics plays an important role in stroke production. Therefore, the kinematic secrets of perfect strokes need to be further disclosed. In a study, the full body kinematics of ATP-professionals and elite national youth players were analysed, quantified and compared during forehand groundstrokes.

Keywords 2º

kinematics, forehand, anatomical contributions, racquet speed;

Summary 2º

Kinematic studies of tennis strokes have not only been helpful for understanding the aspects of sport science which are pertinent to the game (2), but to improve the players’ performance in an optimal way as well. Due to the increased speed in the modern game, kinematic secrets of tennis strokes need to be further disclosed. Anatomical contributions to racquet head velocity, as studied by various researchers (1-5), might differ between ATP-professionals and elite national youth players. Therefore, comparing the full body kinematics of different performance levels during tennis groundstrokes was the main objective of a study, done at the University of Salzburg.
Outlook: Coaches should get an even better understanding of how the forehand groundstroke is characterised and what distinguishes a good from a perfect shot from a biomechanical point of view.

References
(1) Bahamonde, R. E. & Knudson, D. (1998). Kinematic analysis of the open and square stance tennis forehand. Med. Sci. Sports, 30(5): s29. (2) Elliot, B. (2006). Biomechanics and Tennis. Br.J.Sports Med, 40: 392-396. (3) Elliott, B., Takahashi, K., Noffal, G. (1997). The influence of grip position on upper limb contributions to racket head velocity in a tennis forehand. J Appl Biomech, 13:182–96. (4) Reid, M. & Elliot, B.(2002). The one- and two-handed backhands in tennis. Sports Biomech,1: 47–68. (5) Reid, M.,Elliott, B., Alderson,J. (2007) Shoulder joint loading in the high performance flat and kick tennis serves. Br J Sports Med, 41: 884–889.

Needs

Projector

Dinner

I am planning to attend the speakers' dinner

Conditions

I agree with ITF Worldwide Coaches Conference 2009 conditions

CV

Name

Johannes

Surname

Landlinger

Curriculum vitae

2006 to date - PhD student, Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg
2005 to date - Coordinator Young Player Development, Austrian Tennis Federation, Region Salzburg
2002 to date - Performance diagnostics team (Tennis), Department of Sport Science and
Kinesiology, University of Salzburg
2001 to date - Strength & Conditioning Coach, Austrian Tennis Federation, Region Salzburg
Other achievements:
• Speaker at the European Coaches Symposium 2008
• Free communication speaker at the 14th ITF Worldwide Coaches Workshop, Turkey, 2005.
• Speaker at the DVS congress 2004, Cologne, Germany

History

Member for

51 weeks 1 day